M. Aslan, T. M. Ryan, B. Adler, T. M. Townes, D. A. Parks et al., Oxygen radical inhibition of nitric oxide-dependent vascular function in sickle cell disease, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.98, pp.15215-15220, 2001.

K. I. Ataga, V. K. Derebail, M. Caughey, L. Elsherif, J. H. Shen et al., Albuminuria is associated with endothelial dysfunction and elevated plasma endothelin-1 in sickle cell anemia, PLoS One, vol.11, 2016.

E. Aufradet, A. Douillard, E. Charrin, A. Romdhani, G. De-souza et al., Physical activity limits pulmonary endothelial activation in sickle cell SAD mice, Blood, vol.123, pp.2745-2747, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01859442

S. M. Badawy, A. B. Payne, M. J. Rodeghier, and R. I. Liem, Exercise capacity and clinical outcomes in adults followed in the cooperative study of sickle cell disease (CSSCD), Eur. J. Haematol, vol.101, pp.532-541, 2018.

E. Balayssac-siransy, P. Connes, N. Tuo, C. Danho, M. Diaw et al., Mild haemorheological changes induced by a moderate endurance exercise in patients with sickle cell anaemia, Br. J. Haematol, vol.154, pp.398-407, 2011.

S. K. Ballas, J. Larner, E. D. Smith, S. Surrey, E. Schwartz et al., Rheologic predictors of the severity of the painful sickle cell crisis, Blood, vol.72, pp.1216-1223, 1988.

S. K. Ballas and E. D. Smith, Red blood cell changes during the evolution of the sickle cell painful crisis, Blood, vol.79, pp.2154-2163, 1992.

P. Barbeau, K. F. Woods, L. T. Ramsey, M. S. Litaker, D. M. Pollock et al., Exercise in sickle cell anemia: effect on inflammatory and vasoactive mediators, Endothelium, vol.8, pp.147-155, 2001.

P. Bartolucci, C. Brugnara, A. Teixeira-pinto, S. Pissard, K. Moradkhani et al., Erythrocyte density in sickle cell syndromes is associated with specific clinical manifestations and hemolysis, Blood, vol.120, pp.3136-3141, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00727759

P. Bartolucci, V. Chaar, J. Picot, D. Bachir, A. Habibi et al., Decreased sickle red blood cell adhesion to laminin by hydroxyurea is associated with inhibition of Lu/BCAM protein phosphorylation, Blood, vol.116, pp.2152-2159, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00821117

O. Baskurt and H. J. Meiselman, In vivo hemorheology, Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics, pp.322-338, 2007.

O. K. Baskurt, M. Boynard, G. C. Cokelet, P. Connes, B. M. Cooke et al., New guidelines for hemorheological laboratory techniques, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.42, pp.75-97, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00709840

O. K. Baskurt and H. J. Meiselman, Blood rheology and hemodynamics, Semin. Thromb. Hemost, vol.29, pp.435-450, 2003.

O. K. Baskurt and H. J. Meiselman, Red blood cell "aggregability, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.43, pp.353-354, 2009.

O. K. Baskurt, O. Yalcin, and H. J. Meiselman, Hemorheology and vascular control mechanisms, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.30, pp.169-178, 2004.

K. Biro, B. Sandor, D. Kovacs, B. Csiszar, J. Vekasi et al., Lower limb ischemia and microrheological alterations in patients with diabetic retinopathy, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.69, pp.23-35, 2018.

M. Bor-kucukatay, R. B. Wenby, H. J. Meiselman, and O. K. Baskurt, Effects of nitric oxide on red blood cell deformability, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol, vol.284, 2003.

D. Bouix, C. Peyreigne, E. Raynaud, J. F. Monnier, J. P. Micallef et al., Relationships among body composition, hemorheology and exercise performance in rugbymen, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.19, pp.245-254, 1998.

J. F. Brun, C. Criqui, and A. Orsetti, Paramètres hémorhéologiques et exercice physique, Sports Med. Acta, vol.12, pp.56-60, 1986.

J. F. Brun, C. Fons, C. Supparo, C. Mallard, and A. Orsetti, Could exercise-induced increase in blood viscosity at high shear rate be entirely explained by hematocrit and plasma viscosity changes?, Clin. Hemorheol, vol.13, pp.187-199, 1993.

J. F. Brun, S. Khaled, E. Raynaud, D. Bouix, J. P. Micallef et al., The triphasic effects of exercise on blood rheology: which relevance to physiology and pathophysiology?, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.19, pp.89-104, 1998.

J. F. Brun, J. P. Micallef, and A. Orsetti, Hemorheologic effects of light prolonged exercise, Clin. Hemorheol, vol.14, pp.807-818, 1994.

J. F. Brun, C. Supparo, C. Mallard, and A. Orsetti, Low values of resting blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation are associated with lower increases in blood lactate during submaximal exercise, Clin. Hemorheol, vol.14, pp.105-116, 1994.

J. F. Brun, M. Sekkat, C. Lagoueyte, C. Fédou, and A. Orsetti, Relashionships between fitness and blood viscosity in untrained normal short children, Clin. Hemorheol, vol.9, pp.953-963, 1989.

J. F. Brun, C. Supparo, D. Rama, C. Benezis, and A. Orsetti, Maximal oxygen uptake and lactate thresholds during exercise are related to blood viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation in professional football players, Clin. Hemorheol, vol.15, pp.201-212, 1995.

J. F. Brun, E. Varlet-marie, P. Connes, A. , and I. , Hemorheological alterations related to training and overtraining, Biorheology, vol.47, pp.95-115, 2010.

J. F. Brun, E. Varlet-marie, M. Richou, J. Mercier, R. De-mauverger et al., Blood rheology as a mirror of endocrine and metabolic homeostasis in health and disease1, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.69, pp.239-265, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01837097

M. J. Buono, T. Krippes, F. W. Kolkhorst, A. T. Williams, and P. Cabrales, Increases in core temperature counterbalance effects of haemoconcentration on blood viscosity during prolonged exercise in the heat, Exp. Physiol, vol.101, pp.332-342, 2016.

L. A. Callahan, K. F. Woods, G. A. Mensah, L. T. Ramsey, P. Barbeau et al., Cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in women with sickle cell anemia, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, vol.165, pp.1309-1316, 2002.

S. M. Camus, J. A. De-moraes, P. Bonnin, P. Abbyad, S. Le-jeune et al., Circulating cell membrane microparticles transfer heme to endothelial cells and trigger vasoocclusions in sickle cell disease, Blood, vol.125, pp.3805-3814, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01186628

S. M. Camus, B. Gausseres, P. Bonnin, L. Loufrani, L. Grimaud et al., Erythrocyte microparticles can induce kidney vaso-occlusions in a murine model of sickle cell disease, Blood, vol.120, pp.5050-5058, 2012.

V. Chaar, S. Laurance, C. Lapoumeroulie, S. Cochet, M. De-grandis et al., Hydroxycarbamide decreases sickle reticulocyte adhesion to resting endothelium by inhibiting endothelial lutheran/basal cell adhesion molecule (Lu/BCAM) through phosphodiesterase 4A activation, J. Biol. Chem, vol.289, pp.11512-11521, 2014.

K. Charlot, M. Romana, B. Moeckesch, S. Jumet, X. Waltz et al., Which side of the balance determines the frequency of vaso-occlusive crises in children with sickle cell anemia: Blood viscosity or microvascular dysfunction?, Blood Cells Mol. Dis, vol.56, pp.41-45, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881604

K. Charlot, X. Waltz, M. Hedreville, S. Sinnapah, N. Lemonne et al., Impaired oxygen uptake efficiency slope and off-transient kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake in sickle cell anemia are associated with hemorheological abnormalities, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.60, pp.413-421, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881498

E. Charrin, E. Aufradet, A. Douillard, A. Romdhani, G. D. Souza et al., Oxidative stress is decreased in physically active sickle cell SAD mice, Br. J. Haematol, vol.168, pp.747-756, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01882374

E. Charrin, J. J. Dube, P. Connes, V. Pialoux, S. Ghosh et al., Moderate exercise training decreases inflammation in transgenic sickle cell mice, Blood Cells Mol. Dis, vol.69, pp.45-52, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881728

B. Chatel, L. A. Messonnier, Q. Barge, C. Vilmen, P. Noirez et al., Endurance training reduces exercise-induced acidosis and improves muscle function in a mouse model of sickle cell disease, Mol. Genet. Metab, vol.123, pp.400-410, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02118980

S. Chien, R. G. King, R. Skalak, S. Usami, and A. L. Copley, Viscoelastic properties of human blood and red cell suspensions, Biorheology, vol.12, pp.341-346, 1975.

S. Chien, S. Usami, R. J. Dellenback, and M. I. Gregersen, Sheardependent deformation of erythrocytes in rheology of human blood, Am. J. Physiol, vol.219, pp.136-142, 1970.

E. N. Chirico, C. Faes, P. Connes, E. Canet-soulas, C. Martin et al., Role of exercise-induced oxidative stress in sickle cell trait and disease, Sports Med, vol.46, pp.629-639, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01850422

M. R. Clark, N. Mohandas, and S. B. Shohet, Osmotic gradient ektacytometry: comprehensive characterization of red cell volume and surface maintenance, Blood, vol.61, pp.899-910, 1983.

G. R. Cokelet and H. L. Goldsmith, Decreased hydrodynamic resistance in the two-phase flow of blood through small vertical tubes at low flow rates, Circ. Res, vol.68, pp.1-17, 1991.

G. R. Cokelet and H. J. Meiselman, Macro-and micro-rheological properties of blood, Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics, pp.45-71, 2007.

P. Connes, Hemorheology and exercise: effects of warm environments and potential consequences for sickle cell trait carriers. Scand, J. Med. Sci. Sports, vol.20, pp.48-52, 2010.

P. Connes, T. Alexy, J. Detterich, M. Romana, M. D. Hardy-dessources et al., The role of blood rheology in sickle cell disease, Blood Rev, vol.30, pp.111-118, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881648

P. Connes, D. Bouix, F. Durand, P. Kippelen, J. Mercier et al., Is hemoglobin desaturation related to blood viscosity in athletes during exercise?, Int. J. Sports Med, vol.25, pp.569-574, 2004.

P. Connes, D. Bouix, G. Py, C. Caillaud, P. Kippelen et al., Does exercise-induced hypoxemia modify lactate influx into erythrocytes and hemorheological parameters in athletes?, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.97, pp.1053-1058, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01622449

P. Connes, D. Bouix, G. Py, C. Préfaut, J. Mercier et al., Opposite effects of in vitro lactate on erythrocyte deformability in athletes and untrained subjects, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.31, pp.311-318, 2004.

P. Connes, C. Caillaud, G. Py, J. Mercier, O. Hue et al., Maximal exercise and lactate do not change red blood cell aggregation in well trained athletes, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.36, pp.319-326, 2007.

P. Connes, O. Hue, J. Tripette, and M. D. Hardy-dessources, Blood rheology abnormalities and vascular cell adhesion mechanisms in sickle cell trait carriers during exercise, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.39, pp.179-184, 2008.

P. Connes, Y. Lamarre, M. D. Hardy-dessources, N. Lemonne, X. Waltz et al., Decreased hematocrit-to-viscosity ratio and increased lactate dehydrogenase level in patients with sickle cell anemia and recurrent leg ulcers, PLoS One, vol.8, p.79680, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00922105

P. Connes, M. J. Simmonds, J. F. Brun, and O. K. Baskurt, Exercise hemorheology: classical data, recent findings and unresolved issues, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.53, pp.187-199, 2013.

P. Connes, Y. Lamarre, X. Waltz, S. K. Ballas, N. Lemonne et al., Haemolysis and abnormal haemorheology in sickle cell anaemia, Br. J. Haematol, vol.165, pp.564-572, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881468

P. Connes, R. Machado, O. Hue, R. , and H. , Exercise limitation, exercise testing and exercise recommendations in sickle cell anemia, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.49, pp.151-163, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01163966

P. Connes, A. Pichon, M. D. Hardy-dessources, X. Waltz, Y. Lamarre et al., Blood viscosity and hemodynamics during exercise, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.51, pp.101-109, 2012.

P. Connes, J. Tripette, M. Mukisi-mukaza, O. K. Baskurt, K. Toth et al., Relationships between hemodynamic, hemorheological and metabolic responses during exercise, Biorheology, vol.46, pp.133-143, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01203389

V. A. Convertino, L. C. Keil, E. M. Bernauer, and J. E. Greenleaf, Plasma volume, osmolality, vasopressin, and renin activity during graded exercise in man, J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol, vol.50, pp.123-128, 1981.

M. Diaw, A. Samb, S. Diop, N. D. Sall, A. Ba et al., Effects of hydration and water deprivation on blood viscosity during a soccer game in sickle cell trait carriers, Br. J. Sports Med, vol.48, pp.326-331, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881470

K. A. Dougherty, J. I. Schall, A. J. Rovner, V. A. Stallings, and B. S. Zemel, Attenuated maximal muscle strength and peak power in children with sickle cell disease, J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol, vol.33, pp.93-97, 2011.

J. Dupire, M. Socol, and A. Viallat, Full dynamics of a red blood cell in shear flow, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.109, pp.20808-20813, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01957799

E. Ernst, Changes in blood rheology produced by exercise, J. Am. Med. Assoc, vol.253, pp.2962-2963, 1985.

E. Ernst, Influence of regular physical activity on blood rheology, Eur. Heart J, vol.8, pp.59-62, 1987.

E. Ernst, L. Danburger, and T. Saradeth, Changes in plasma volume after prolonged endurance exercise, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, vol.23, p.884, 1991.

E. Ernst, L. Daburger, and T. Saradeth, The kinetics of blood rheology during and after prolonged standardized exercise, Clin Hemorheol, vol.11, pp.429-439, 1991.

E. Ernst, A. Matrai, E. Aschenbrenner, V. Will, and C. Schmidlechner, Relationship between fitness and blood fluidity, vol.5, pp.507-510, 1985.

C. Faes, E. Balayssac-siransy, P. Connes, L. Hivert, C. Danho et al., Moderate endurance exercise in patients with sickle cell anaemia: effects on oxidative stress and endothelial activation, Br. J. Haematol, vol.164, pp.124-130, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881475

C. Faes, E. Charrin, P. Connes, V. Pialoux, M. et al., Chronic physical activity limits blood rheology alterations in transgenic SAD mice, Am. J. Hematol, vol.90, pp.32-33, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881534

N. Fellmann, Hormonal and plasma volume alterations following endurance exercise. A brief review, Sports Med, vol.13, pp.37-49, 1992.

T. M. Fischer, M. Stohr-lissen, and H. Schmid-schonbein, The red cell as a fluid droplet: tank tread-like motion of the human erythrocyte membrane in shear flow, Science, vol.202, pp.894-896, 1978.

G. Galea and R. J. Davidson, Hemorrheology of marathon running, Int. J. Sports Med, vol.6, pp.136-138, 1985.

B. Gellen, L. A. Messonnier, F. Galacteros, E. Audureau, A. N. Merlet et al., Moderate-intensity endurance-exercise training in patients with sickle-cell disease without severe chronic complications (EXDRE): an openlabel randomised controlled trial, Lancet Haematol, vol.5, issue.18, pp.30163-30170, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02128950

H. L. Goldsmith, J. M. Frank, and C. Maclntosh, Flow behaviour of erythrocytes. Rotation and deformation in dilute suspensions, Proc. R. Soc. B, vol.182, pp.351-384, 1972.

J. U. Gonzales, B. A. Parker, S. J. Ridout, S. L. Smithmyer, and D. N. Proctor, Femoral shear rate response to knee extensor exercise: an age and sex comparison, Biorheology, vol.46, pp.145-154, 2009.

E. Gouraud, E. Charrin, J. J. Dube, S. F. Ofori-acquah, C. Martin et al., Effects of individualized treadmill endurance training on oxidative stress in skeletal muscles of transgenic sickle mice, Oxid. Med. Cell Longev, p.3765643, 2019.

M. Grau, M. Jerke, E. Nader, A. Schenk, C. Renoux et al., Effect of acute exercise on RBC deformability and RBC nitric oxide synthase signalling pathway in young sickle cell anaemia patients, Sci. Rep, vol.9, p.11813, 2019.

M. Grau, S. Pauly, J. Ali, K. Walpurgis, M. Thevis et al., RBC-NOS-dependent S-nitrosylation of cytoskeletal proteins improves RBC deformability, PLoS One, vol.8, p.56759, 2013.

M. Gueguen-duchesne, F. Durand, J. Beillot, J. Dezier, P. Rochcongar et al., Could maximal exercise be a hemorheological risk factor?, Clin. Hemorheol, vol.7, p.418, 1987.

T. S. Hakim, Erythrocyte deformability and segmental pulmonary vascular resistance: osmolarity and heat treatment, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.65, pp.1634-1641, 1988.

R. P. Hebbel, R. Osarogiagbon, and D. Kaul, The endothelial biology of sickle cell disease: inflammation and a chronic vasculopathy, Microcirculation, vol.11, pp.129-151, 2004.

M. Intaglietta, Increased blood viscosity: disease, adaptation or treatment?, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.42, pp.305-306, 2009.

J. P. Isbister, Physiology and pathophysiology of blood volume regulation, Transfus. Sci, vol.18, pp.409-423, 1997.

G. J. Kato, M. T. Gladwin, and M. H. Steinberg, Deconstructing sickle cell disease: reappraisal of the role of hemolysis in the development of clinical subphenotypes, Blood Rev, vol.21, pp.37-47, 2007.

G. Kesmarky, P. Kenyeres, M. Rabai, and K. Toth, Plasma viscosity: a forgotten variable, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.39, pp.243-246, 2008.

A. Khalyfa, A. A. Khalyfa, M. Akbarpour, P. Connes, M. Romana et al., Extracellular microvesicle microRNAs in children with sickle cell anaemia with divergent clinical phenotypes, Br. J. Haematol, vol.174, pp.786-798, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881653

E. Kilic-toprak, F. Ardic, G. Erken, F. Unver-kocak, V. Kucukatay et al., Hemorheological responses to progressive resistance exercise training in healthy young males, Med. Sci. Monit, vol.18, 2012.

P. Kleinbongard, R. Schulz, T. Rassaf, T. Lauer, A. Dejam et al., Red blood cells express a functional endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Blood, vol.107, pp.2943-2951, 2006.

E. Ko, J. M. Youn, H. S. Park, M. Song, K. H. Koh et al., Early red blood cell abnormalities as a clinical variable in sepsis diagnosis, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.70, pp.355-363, 2018.

Y. Lamarre, M. Romana, N. Lemonne, M. D. Hardy-dessources, V. Tarer et al., Alpha thalassemia protects sickle cell anemia patients from macro-albuminuria through its effects on red blood cell rheological properties, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.57, pp.63-72, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881482

Y. Lamarre, M. Romana, X. Waltz, M. L. Lalanne-mistrih, B. Tressieres et al., Hemorheological risk factors of acute chest syndrome and painful vaso-occlusive crisis in children with sickle cell disease, Haematologica, vol.97, pp.1641-1647, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00849038

L. Lanotte, J. Mauer, S. Mendez, D. A. Fedosov, J. M. Fromental et al., Red cells' dynamic morphologies govern blood shear thinning under microcirculatory flow conditions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, vol.113, pp.13289-13294, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01435953

C. Lapoumeroulie, P. Connes, S. El-hoss, R. Hierso, K. Charlot et al., New insights into red cell rheology and adhesion in patients with sickle cell anaemia during vaso-occlusive crises, Br. J. Haematol, vol.185, pp.991-994, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01968397

S. Laurance, P. Lansiaux, F. X. Pellay, M. Hauchecorne, A. Benecke et al., Differential modulation of adhesion molecule expression by hydroxycarbamide in human endothelial cells from the micro-and macrocirculation: potential implications in sickle cell disease vasoocclusive events, Haematologica, vol.96, pp.534-542, 2011.

N. Lemonne, K. Charlot, X. Waltz, S. K. Ballas, Y. Lamarre et al., Hydroxyurea treatment does not increase blood viscosity and improves red blood cell rheology in sickle cell anemia, Haematologica, vol.100, pp.383-386, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881548

N. Lemonne, P. Connes, M. Romana, J. Vent-schmidt, V. Bourhis et al., Increased blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation in a patient with sickle cell anemia and smoldering myeloma, Am. J. Hematol, vol.87, p.129, 2012.

N. Lemonne, Y. Lamarre, M. Romana, M. Mukisi-mukaza, M. D. Hardy-dessources et al., Does increased red blood cell deformability raise the risk for osteonecrosis in sickle cell anemia?, Blood, vol.121, pp.3054-3056, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00919490

R. I. Liem, M. Reddy, S. A. Pelligra, A. P. Savant, B. Fernhall et al., Reduced fitness and abnormal cardiopulmonary responses to maximal exercise testing in children and young adults with sickle cell anemia, Physiol. Rep, vol.3, p.12338, 2015.

V. Lipovac, M. Gavella, Z. Turck, and Z. Skrabalo, Influence of lactate on the insulin action on red blood cell filterability, Clin. Hemorheol, vol.5, pp.421-428, 1985.

C. Martin, V. Pialoux, C. Faes, E. Charrin, S. Skinner et al., Does physical activity increase or decrease the risk of sickle cell disease complications?, Br. J. Sports Med, vol.52, pp.214-218, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881740

J. Martini, B. Carpentier, A. C. Negrete, J. A. Frangos, and M. Intaglietta, Paradoxical hypotension following increased hematocrit and blood viscosity, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol, vol.289, pp.2136-2143, 2005.

H. J. Meiselman, B. Neu, M. W. Rampling, and O. K. Baskurt, RBC aggregation: laboratory data and models, Indian J. Exp. Biol, vol.45, pp.9-17, 2007.

A. N. Merlet, B. Chatel, C. Hourde, M. Ravelojaona, D. Bendahan et al., How sickle cell disease impairs skeletal muscle function: implications in daily life, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, vol.51, pp.4-11, 2019.

B. Mockesch, P. Connes, K. Charlot, S. Skinner, M. D. Hardy-dessources et al., Association between oxidative stress and vascular reactivity in children with sickle cell anaemia and sickle haemoglobin C disease, Br. J. Haematol, vol.178, pp.468-475, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01679026

E. Nader, P. Connes, Y. Lamarre, C. Renoux, P. Joly et al., Plasmapheresis may improve clinical condition in sickle cell disease through its effects on red blood cell rheology, Am. J. Hematol, vol.92, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881708

E. Nader, N. Guillot, L. Lavorel, I. Hancco, R. Fort et al., Eryptosis and hemorheological responses to maximal exercise in athletes: comparison between running and cycling. Scand, J. Med. Sci. Sports, vol.28, pp.1532-1540, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01847401

D. Nebor, A. Bowers, M. D. Hardy-dessources, J. Knight-madden, M. Romana et al., Frequency of pain crises in sickle cell anemia and its relationship with the sympatho-vagal balance, blood viscosity and inflammation, Haematologica, vol.96, pp.1589-1594, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01163973

D. Neuhaus, C. Behn, and P. Gaehtgens, Haemorheology and exercise: intrinsic flow properties of blood in marathon running, Int. J. Sports Med, vol.13, pp.506-511, 1992.

D. Neuhaus and P. Gaehtgens, Haemorrheology and long term exercise, Sports Med, vol.18, pp.10-21, 1994.

J. Nosadova, The changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma volume and proteins during and after different types of exercise, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol, vol.36, pp.223-230, 1977.

O. A. Omwanghe, D. S. Muntz, S. Kwon, S. Montgomery, O. Kemiki et al., Self-Reported physical activity and exercise patterns in children with sickle cell disease, Pediatr. Exerc. Sci, vol.29, pp.388-395, 2017.

G. S. Oostenbrug, R. P. Mensink, M. R. Hardeman, T. De-vries, F. Brouns et al., Exercise performance, red blood cell deformability, and lipid peroxidation: effects of fish oil and vitamin E, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.83, pp.746-752, 1997.

F. R. Pallis, N. Conran, K. Y. Fertrin, S. T. Saad, F. F. Costa et al., Hydroxycarbamide reduces eosinophil adhesion and degranulation in sickle cell anaemia patients, Br. J. Haematol, vol.164, pp.286-295, 2014.

K. Parthasarathi and H. H. Lipowsky, Capillary recruitment in response to tissue hypoxia and its dependence on red blood cell deformability, Am. J. Physiol, vol.277, pp.2145-2157, 1999.

J. Piecuch, A. Mertas, A. Nowowiejska-wiewiora, R. Zurawel, S. Gregorczyn et al., The relationship between the rheological behavior of RBCs and angiogenesis in the morbidly obese, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.71, pp.95-102, 2019.

F. B. Piel, A. P. Patil, R. E. Howes, O. A. Nyangiri, P. W. Gething et al., Global distribution of the sickle cell gene and geographical confirmation of the malaria hypothesis, Nat. Commun, vol.1, p.104, 2010.

L. L. Ploutz-snyder, V. A. Convertino, and G. A. Dudley, Resistance exercise-induced fluid shifts: change in active muscle size and plasma volume, Am. J. Physiol, vol.269, pp.536-543, 1995.

J. L. Poiseuille, Recherches sur les causes du mouvement du sang dans les vaisseaux capillaires, C R Acad. Sci. Paris, vol.1, pp.554-560, 1835.

G. A. Pop, D. J. Duncker, M. Gardien, P. Vranckx, S. Versluis et al., The clinical significance of whole blood viscosity in (cardio)vascular medicine, Neth. Heart J, vol.10, pp.512-516, 2002.

J. U. Raj, P. Kaapa, R. Hillyard, A. , and J. , Pulmonary vascular pressure profile in adult ferrets: measurements in vivo and in isolated lungs, Acta Physiol. Scand, vol.142, pp.41-48, 1991.

M. W. Rampling, H. J. Meiselman, B. Neu, and O. K. Baskurt, Influence of cell-specific factors on red blood cell aggregation, Biorheology, vol.41, pp.91-112, 2004.

D. C. Rees, T. N. Williams, and M. T. Gladwin, Sickle-cell disease, Lancet, vol.376, issue.10, p.61029, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00552602

W. H. Reinhart, M. Staubli, and P. W. Straub, Impaired red cell filterability with elimination of old red blood cells during a 100-km race, J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol, vol.54, pp.827-830, 1983.

C. Renoux, P. Connes, E. Nader, S. Skinner, C. Faes et al., Alpha-thalassaemia promotes frequent vaso-occlusive crises in children with sickle cell anaemia through haemorheological changes, Pediatr. Blood Cancer, vol.64, p.26455, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01668317

C. Renoux, M. Faivre, A. Bessaa, L. Da-costa, P. Joly et al., Impact of surface-area-to-volume ratio, internal viscosity and membrane viscoelasticity on red blood cell deformability measured in isotonic condition, Sci. Rep, vol.9, p.6771, 2019.

C. Renoux, M. Romana, P. Joly, S. Ferdinand, C. Faes et al., Effect of age on blood rheology in sickle cell anaemia and sickle cell haemoglobin C disease: a cross-sectional study, PLoS One, vol.11, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01881666

P. Robach, R. C. Boisson, L. Vincent, C. Lundby, S. Moutereau et al., Hemolysis induced by an extreme mountain ultra-marathon is not associated with a decrease in total red blood cell volume, Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, vol.24, pp.18-27, 2014.

A. J. Romain, J. F. Brun, E. Varlet-marie, R. De-mauverger, and E. , Effects of exercise training on blood rheology: a meta-analysis, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.49, pp.199-205, 2011.

. Salazar, B. Y. Vazquez, P. Cabrales, A. G. Tsai, and M. Intaglietta, Nonlinear cardiovascular regulation consequent to changes in blood viscosity, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.49, pp.29-36, 2011.

B. Sandor, A. Nagy, A. Toth, M. Rabai, B. Mezey et al., Effects of moderate aerobic exercise training on hemorheological and laboratory parameters in ischemic heart disease patients, PLoS One, vol.9, p.110751, 2014.

H. Schmid-schonbein, R. E. Wells, and J. Goldstone, , 1969.

, Pflugers. Arch, vol.312, pp.39-40

U. K. Senturk, F. Gunduz, O. Kuru, G. Kocer, Y. G. Ozkaya et al., Exercise-induced oxidative stress leads hemolysis in sedentary but not trained humans, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.99, pp.1434-1441, 2005.

U. K. Senturk, O. Yalcin, F. Gunduz, O. Kuru, H. J. Meiselman et al., Effect of antioxidant vitamin treatment on the time course of hematological and hemorheological alterations after an exhausting exercise episode in human subjects, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.98, pp.1272-1279, 2005.

Y. A. Sheremet'ev, A. N. Popovicheva, M. M. Rogozin, and G. Y. Levin, Red blood cell aggregation, disaggregation and aggregate morphology in autologous plasma and serum in diabetic foot disease, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.72, pp.221-227, 2019.

G. Sjogaard, R. P. Adams, and B. Saltin, Water and ion shifts in skeletal muscle of humans with intense dynamic knee extension, Am. J. Physiol, vol.248, pp.190-196, 1985.

J. A. Smith, D. T. Martin, R. D. Telford, and S. K. Ballas, Greater erythrocyte deformability in world-class endurance athletes, Am. J. Physiol, vol.276, pp.2188-2193, 1999.

J. A. Smith, R. D. Telford, M. Kolbuch-braddon, and M. J. Weidemann, Lactate/H+ uptake by red blood cells during exercise alters their physical properties, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol, vol.75, pp.54-61, 1997.

K. Sriram, B. Y. Salazar-vazquez, A. G. Tsai, P. Cabrales, M. Intaglietta et al., Autoregulation and mechanotransduction control the arteriolar response to small changes in hematocrit, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol, vol.303, pp.1096-1106, 2012.

D. Starzyk, R. Korbut, and R. J. Gryglewski, The role of nitric oxide in regulation of deformability of red blood cells in acute phase of endotoxaemia in rats, J. Physiol. Pharmacol, vol.48, pp.731-735, 1997.

L. A. Stephenson and M. A. Kolka, Plasma volume during heat stress and exercise in women, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol, vol.57, pp.373-381, 1988.

F. Suhr, J. Brenig, R. Muller, H. Behrens, W. Bloch et al., Moderate exercise promotes human RBC-NOS activity, NO production and deformability through Akt kinase pathway, PLoS One, vol.7, p.45982, 2012.

F. Tomschi, D. Bizjak, W. Bloch, J. Latsch, H. G. Predel et al., Deformability of different red blood cell populations and viscosity of differently trained young men in response to intensive and moderate running, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.69, pp.503-514, 2018.

K. Totsimon, K. Biro, Z. E. Szabo, K. Toth, P. Kenyeres et al., The relationship between hemorheological parameters and mortality in critically ill patients with and without sepsis, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.65, pp.119-129, 2017.

J. Tripette, T. Alexy, M. D. Hardy-dessources, D. Mougenel, E. Beltan et al., Red blood cell aggregation, aggregate strength and oxygen transport potential of blood are abnormal in both homozygous sickle cell anemia and sickle-hemoglobin C disease, Haematologica, vol.94, pp.1060-1065, 2009.

J. Tripette, M. D. Hardy-dessources, E. Beltan, A. Sanouiller, J. Bangou et al., Endurance running trial in tropical environment: a blood rheological study, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.47, pp.261-268, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01163975

J. Tripette, G. Loko, A. Samb, B. D. Gogh, E. Sewade et al., Effects of hydration and dehydration on blood rheology in sickle cell trait carriers during exercise, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol, vol.299, pp.908-914, 2010.

A. G. Tsai, C. Acero, P. R. Nance, P. Cabrales, J. A. Frangos et al., Elevated plasma viscosity in extreme hemodilution increases perivascular nitric oxide concentration and microvascular perfusion, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol, vol.288, pp.1730-1739, 2004.

W. Van-beaumont, S. Underkofler, V. Beaumont, and S. , Erythrocyte volume, plasma volume, and acid-base changes in exercise and heat dehydration, J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol, vol.50, pp.1255-1262, 1981.

H. Vandewalle, C. Lacombe, J. C. Lelievre, and C. Poirot, Blood viscosity after a 1-h submaximal exercise with and without drinking, Int. J. Sports Med, vol.9, pp.104-107, 1988.

E. Varlet-marie, A. Gaudard, J. F. Monnier, J. P. Micallef, J. Mercier et al., Reduction of red blood cell disaggregability during submaximal exercise: relationship with fibrinogen levels, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.28, pp.139-149, 2003.

B. Y. Vazquez, M. A. Vazquez, M. G. Jaquez, A. H. Huemoeller, M. Intaglietta et al., Blood pressure directly correlates with blood viscosity in diabetes type 1 children but not in normals, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.44, pp.55-61, 2010.

E. Verger, D. Schoevaert, P. Carrivain, J. M. Victor, C. Lapoumeroulie et al., Prior exposure of endothelial cells to hydroxycarbamide alters the flow dynamics and adhesion of sickle red blood cells, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.57, pp.9-22, 2014.

X. Waltz and P. Connes, Pathophysiology and physical activity in patients with sickle cell anemia, Mov. Sport Sci. Sci. Motricité, vol.83, pp.41-47, 2014.

X. Waltz, M. D. Hardy-dessources, N. Lemonne, D. Mougenel, M. L. Lalanne-mistrih et al., Is there a relationship between the hematocritto-viscosity ratio and microvascular oxygenation in brain and muscle?, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.59, pp.37-43, 2015.

X. Waltz, M. Hedreville, S. Sinnapah, Y. Lamarre, V. Soter et al., Delayed beneficial effect of acute exercise on red blood cell aggregate strength in patients with sickle cell anemia, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc, vol.52, pp.15-26, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01137567

X. Waltz, M. Romana, M. L. Lalanne-mistrih, R. F. Machado, Y. Lamarre et al., Hematologic and hemorheological determinants of resting and exercise-induced hemoglobin oxygen desaturation in children with sickle cell disease, Haematologica, vol.98, pp.1039-1044, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00838989

S. C. Wood, M. P. Doyle, and O. Appenzeller, Effects of endurance training and long distance running on blood viscosity, Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, vol.23, pp.1265-1269, 1991.

O. Yalcin, M. Bor-kucukatay, U. K. Senturk, and O. K. Baskurt, Effects of swimming exercise on red blood cell rheology in trained and untrained rats, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.88, pp.2074-2080, 2000.

O. Yalcin, A. Erman, S. Muratli, M. Bor-kucukatay, and O. K. Baskurt, Time course of hemorheological alterations after heavy anaerobic exercise in untrained human subjects, J. Appl. Physiol, vol.94, pp.997-1002, 2003.

O. Yalcin, H. J. Meiselman, J. K. Armstrong, and O. K. Baskurt, Effect of enhanced red blood cell aggregation on blood flow resistance in an isolatedperfused guinea pig heart preparation, Biorheology, vol.42, pp.511-520, 2005.