The selection pressure related to the overuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicines is responsi-ble for the increasing of antibiotic resistance, but the environment also plays a role in the resistance dis-semination. In Guadeloupe, a French overseas department, organic amendments resulting from human and animal wastes are widely used in soils fertilization. The objectives of this project were (i) to evaluate the impact of organic amendments on the selection and the diffusion of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils and crop production. The study was carried out over three vegetable crops sessions (cucumbers and sweet potatoes) on amend-ed or non-amended plots. Two hundred and seven samples, including intrants, biosolids, soils and vege-tables, were collected between March 2015 and February 2017. Samples were cultured on media with or without antibiotics. ARBs identification (isolation, count, antimicrobial testing, MALDI-TOF mass spec-trometry), and ARGs molecular characterization: extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), cephalospori-nase (CASE) coding genes, sulphonamid and quinolone plasmidic resistances were performed. Our results showed that enterobacteria concentrations were higher in poultry droppings than in horse fe-ces or sewage sludge. Resistant enterobacteria were also more frequent in poultry droppings. After com-posting, the concentration of enterobacteria drastically decreased and resistant enterobacteria were only detected in one compost sample. Resistant enterobacteria were beneath our detection limit in soil and vegetable samples. Concerning the resistance genes, ESBL were more frequent in E. coli isolated from poultry droppings but resistance to sulfonamide was more frequent in horse feces. ESBL genes detected were different in poultry droppings (CTX-M1 mainly) and in horses feces (mainly SHV-12). Our study confirms the efficiency of composting process to decrease the number of enterobacteria and to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance diffusion in soils and vegetables. Our study also suggests that ARGs, conferring ESBL phenotype, are biotope specific and that the exchange of genes between bio-topes may not be so easy.